Diagnosis and Treatment in Chronic Kidney Disease and Evalution of Cardiovascular Disease and Associated Risk Factors

Today, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a world-wide public health problem. Losing kidney function and occurance of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are inevitablely the main clinical outcomes. Increasing evidence suggested that the adverse outcomes of CKD can be prevented or delayed through early detection and treatment. CKD and hypertension are often present together and hypertension is both a cause and a complication of CKD and is a risk factor for progression of kidney disease and for CVD. The goals of antihypertensive therapy in CKD are to lower blood pressure, reduce the risk of CVD, slow progression of CKD and prevent the complications of decreased GFR. A clinical action plan should be developed for each patient, based on the stage of CKD and follow-up intervals for monitoring the patients should be determined by clinical condition.